miércoles, 26 de noviembre de 2008
Acquiring Acronym
2. UFO: Unidentified Flying Object (Objeto Volador no Identificado)
3. SCUBA: Self Contained Underwater Breathing Aparatus (Aparato Submarino contenedor de aire)
4. IBM: International Business Machines (Maquina de Negocios Internacional)
5. VHS: Video Home System (Sistema de Video Casero)
6. DVD: Digital Versatile Disc (Disco Versatil Digital)
7. SNAFU: Situation Normal: All Fucked Up (Situación Habitual: Todo Está Jodido)
8. LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Amplificación de Luz por Emisión Estimulada de Radiación)
9. RADAR: Radio Detection and Ranging (Detección y Medición de Distancias por Radio)
10. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Organización Tratado Atlántico Norte)
11. FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions (Prguntas frecuentes)
12. CD-ROM: Compact Disc - Read Only Memory (Disco Compacto de Memoria de Sólo Lectura)
13. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid (Ácido desoxirribonucleico)
14. JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group (Grupo Expertos en Compresión Fotográfica)
15. ATM: Automated teller machine (Cajero Automático)
16. BCE/A.D.: Before Common Era/ After death (Antes de la Época actual/ Después de la muerte)
17. EU: European Union (Unión Europea)
18. NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement (Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte)
19. 4WD: 4 Wheel Drive (Tracción 4 Ruedas)
20. AWD: All Wheel Drive (Tracción todas las ruedas)
21. CIA: Central Intelligence Agency (Agencia Central de Inteligencia)
22. FUBAR: Fucked Up Beyong Any/All Recognition (Jodido más allá de todo lo conocido)
23. FIDO: Field Integrated Design and Operations (Archivo Integral de Diseño y Operaciones)
24. ABS: Animal Behavior Society (Sociedad de Comportamiento Animal)
25. TLC: Tender Loving Care (Oferta Cuidados Amorosos)
miércoles, 15 de octubre de 2008
Early - Modern English.
It was a major change in the pronunciation of the English Language. It was between 1200 and 1600.
During the Great Vowel Shift, the two highest long vowels became diphthongs, and the other five underwent an increase in tongue height with one of them coming to the front.
2. Name 5 dialects of Modern English.
American English, British English, Caribbean English, South African English, Indo-Pakistani English.
3. One of the problems with Early Modern English was a lack of uniformity in spelling. Which 2 people (1-English, 1-American) helped establish standardized spelling?
Samuel Johnson (English) and Noah Webster (American).
4. How many countries in the world have given Modern English official status?
53 countries.
5. The most recent statistics show that approximately how many people speak Modern English as a:
I. First language?
First language: 380 million.
II. Second Language?
Second language: 600 million.
6. When was Early Modern English spoken?
From about the end of the Middle English period (the latter half of the 15th century) to 1650.
7. How are the use of Pronouns different between Early Modern & Modern English?
1 ..........old english....middle english...modern english
sg.............þu......................thou.....................you
.................þ e.....................thee.....................you
.................þe......................thee.....................you
.................þin.................. thy/thine.................your
pl.............ge........................ye......................you
................eow....................you.....................you
................eow....................you.....................you
...............eower.................your....................your
8. Which language families does Modern English belong in?
9. Name 4 worldwide uses for Modern English.
It use in such diverse applications as controlling airplanes, developing software, conducting international diplomacy and business relations.
10. In your opinion, what was the greatest influence on the spread of Modern English around the world? Why?
The greatest influence of the Moder English is that te most of the people can use it; they can read and write in English; and the most important they understand. This is important becouse allows the communication around the world.
11. There has been a lot of controversy over the true authorship of Shakespeare's writings. Which 3 people are also candidates as the possible authors of Shakespeare's plays?
Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe; William Stanley and Edward de Vere.
12. Briefly explain The Oxfordian Theory.
It wrote the plays and poems attributed toWilliam Shakespeare of Srratford-upon-Avon.
13. Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, which according to the Folio Classification, fall into 3 categories. Name the 3 categories.
Comedies, Histories, Tragedies.
14. In which town was Shakespeare born?
He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon.
15. Which famous London theatre (built by actors, for actors) is connected with Shakespeare's plays?
The Lord Chamberlain's Men.
16. Even though Richard III is the most performed play, Hamlet is Shakespeare's most famous play. In you opinion, what does this portion of Hamlet's famous soliloquy mean:
To be or not to be, that is the question;
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing, end them. To die, to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to — 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there's the rub,...
* In my opinion the character has a dilemma between to die or continues to live... All that for the anguish to the live.17. Name 5 post-Shakespearean artists whose work was heavily influenced by the writings of William Shakespeare.
Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, Charles Dickens; the American novelist Herman Melville, the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.
18. Which of Shakespeare's plays are included in The Wars of the Roses series?
Henry VI part 1.
19. Shakespeare wrote most of his works in blank verse composed in iambic pentameter. What is blank verse & iambic pentameter?
Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentamer.
Iambic pentameter: is a type of meter that is used in poetry and drama. It describes a particular rhythm that the words establish in each line. That rhythm is measured in small groups of syllables; these small groups of syllables are called "feet". The word "iambic" describes the type of foot that is used. The word 'pentameter' indicates that a line has five of these 'feet'.
20. Name 4 actors from Shakepeare's original company.
Richard Burbage, William Kempe, Henry Condell and John Heminges.
domingo, 28 de septiembre de 2008
Middle English
Between the Norman Invasion of 1066 and about 1470.
2. What were the major factors which led to the development and the spread of Middle English?
The first factors is the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in the 1470s, and slightly later by Richard Pynson.
The second factors is that the Middle English as a written language displays a wide variety of scribal (and presumably dialectal) forms.
3. Match the following Old English words with their Anglo-Norman equivalent:
A. Pig / PorkB. Cow / Beef
D. Sheep / Mutton
F. Worthy / Honourable
4. Compare & contrast the structure of nouns, pronouns and verbs, between Middle English & Modern English.
Some word has changed, from Middle English until Modern English. So it's difficult compare the structures.
Nouns: The strong -s plural form has survived into Modern English, while the weak -n form is rare.
Verbs: As a general rule , the first person singular of present tense verbs ends in -e (ich here - "I hear"), the second person in -(e)st (þou spekest - "thou speakest"), and the third person in -eþ (he comeþ - "he cometh/he comes"). (þ is pronounced like the unvoiced th in "think"). In the past tense, weak verbs are formed by an -ed(e), -d(e) or -t(e) ending. These, without their personal endings, also form past participles, together with past-participle prefixes derived from the old English ge-: i-, y- and sometimes bi-. Strong verbs form their past tense by changing their stem vowel (e.g. binden -> bound), as in Modern English.
Pronouns: (first Middle English, second Modern English)
I = I Thou = You Hit = It He = He Sche = She We = We They = They Ye = You
Me = Me Thee = You It/Him = It Him = Him Hire = Her Us = Us Them = Them You = You
Mi = My Thy = Your His = Its His = His Hir = Her Ure = Our Their = Their Your = Your
5. How is pronunciation different between Middle English and Modern English?
Generally, all letters in Middle English words were pronounced. 'knight' = /ˈknɪçt/ (Middle English) - /ˈnaɪt/
(Modern English).
Final -e had become silent in normal speech.
6. What is the Chancery Standard, and how did it come into effect?
Chancery Standard was a written form of English used by government bureaucracy and for other official purposes from the late 14th century.
The Chancery Standard was developed during the reign of King Henry V (1413 to 1422) in response to his order for his chancery (government officials) to use, like himself, English rather than Anglo-Norman or Latin. It had become broadly standardized by about the 1430s.
7. Who wrote the Canterbury Tales?
It was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century.
8. Describe the medieval pilgrims who journeyed from Canterbury to London.
The group has characters from all classes, upper and lower, represented. Religious characters, such as a monk and a pardoner, travel alongside a sailor, miller, carpenter, and a knight, among others. When the group stops for the night, the host of the pilgrimage proposes that they all tell stories to each other along the way. The pilgrims agree to tell four stories each, two on the way to Canterbury, and two on the way back.
9. Why did the pilgrims take this journey?
They set out on a pilgrimage from London to Canterbury to pay their respects to the tomb of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.
10. It is thought that some of the stories in The Canterbury Tales originated in Italy. What was the name of the Italian book and who wrote it?
The Monk's Tale wrote by Geoffrey Chaucer.
11. The Canterbury Tales is considered an extremely important book, both in terms of English Literature & in the history of English writing. In your opinion, why is this book so important?
The Canterbury Tales are important book becouse they were the first story wrote in English; before that the stories wrote only in Latin and French. After the Canterbury Tales all people could read the text, before that only the cultured people could.
12. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is:
d. A medieval romance poem, with Arthurian themes.
13. Who is Sir Gwain?
He is a knight of King Arthur's Round Table and nephew to the king
14. What is the challenge that The Green Knight proposes to the Knights of the Round Table?
He asks for someone in the court to strike him once with his axe, on condition that the Green Knight will return the blow one year and one day later.
15. What is the similarity between Sir Gwain and the Green Knight and the Irish tale of Cúchulainn?
The middle Irish Tale Bricriu's Feast is a parallel story to the Sir Gwain' story that, like the Green Knight, Cúchulainn's antagonist feints three blows with the axe before letting his target depart without injury.
16. What is the importance of the pentagram/pentangle in the poem?
The pentagle on Gawain's shield is seen by many critics as signifying Gawain's perfection and power over evil.
The poet uses a total of 46 lines to describe the meaning of the pentangle. The poem describes the pentangle as a symbol of faithfulness and an "endless knot".
Along these lines, some academics link the Gawain pentangle to magical traditions.
However, concrete evidence tying the magical pentagram to Gawain's pentangle is scarce.
17. How are numbers used to symbolize events in the poem?
The poet highlights number symbolism to add symmetry and meaning to the poem. For example, three kisses are exchanged between Gawain and Bertilak's wife; Gawain is tempted by her on three separate days; Bertilak goes hunting three times, and the Green Knight swings at Gawain three times with his axe.
Also the five points of the pentangle, the poet adds, represent Gawain's virtues (frienship, generosity, chastity, courtesy and piety), for he is "faithful five ways and five times each".
18. What is the significance of Sir Gwain's neck wound?
During the medieval period, the body and the soul were believed to be so intimately connected that wounds were considered an outward sign of inward sin. The neck, specifically, was believed to correlate with the part of the soul related to will, connecting the reasoning part (the head) and the courageous part (the heart).
19. Which actor played The Green Knight in the film adaptation, Sword of the Valiant?
In the film, "Sword of the Valiant", was Sean Connery how played The Green Knight.
20. In many ways this poem is, in the modern sense, a soap opera. Compare Sir Gwain and the Green Knight with a modern Chilean teleseries.
I don't like the chilean teleseries, so I don't see them, and I can't do a comparation between them and the Sir Gwain and the Green Knight. = )
sábado, 13 de septiembre de 2008
Old English - Beowulf
The Old English was spoken between the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
2. Name 4 language groups which influenced the development of Old English.
Germanic, Latin, Sandinavian (viking) and Celtic.
3. In the Phonology section, name 5 phonetical differences between Old English & Modern English.
There are differences in the manner of articulation (fricative):
Old English
f (v), θ (ð), s (z), ʃ, (ç), (x) (ɣ), h
Modern English
f (v), θ (ð), s (z), ʃ, ʒ, h
4. Are there any similarites between Old English and Modern English? Name them.
There's one similar rule between Older English and Modern English, It's the Word Order (subject + verb + object).
5. In the Orthography section, enlarge the picture of the runic alphabet. How many letters (runes) are there in this alphabet?
There are 34 letters in the runic alphabet.
6. Which epic poem was originally written in Old English?
It was Beowulf, the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.
7. In the See Also section, click on: Beowulf. Appoximately when was Beowulf written?
Beowulf was written between the 8th to the 11th century.
8. Even though Beowulf was written in England, the story takes place in which countries?
The story takes place in: Denmark (Heorot) and Geatland (modern southern Sweden).
9. In the poem, which 3 antagonists does Beowulf battle or fight against?
The 3 antagonists are: Grendel, Grendel's mother and an unnamed dragon.
10. What happens to Beowulf at the end of the story?
At the end of the story Beowulf is fatally wounded and after his death he is buried in a barrow by his retainers
11. Who was the author of Beowulf?
The author of Beowulf is unknown. The people think that Beowulf is an oral tradition.
12. What were the titles and the dates of the two film versions of Beowulf?
The two film versions of Beowulf are: "Beowulf"(1999) and "Beowulf and Grendel" (2005). There are an animated film (2007) too.
jueves, 4 de septiembre de 2008
A little Biography about my....!!!
I’m Javiera Barrales, my friends call me Java. I’m 19 years old. I was born in Santiago of Chile.
I’ve lived in Peñaflor all my life. I live with my parents, grandma, brother and sister.
Last year I studied Graphic Design. Now I’m a translation student, at
I like sports; I’ve practiced Karate Do for about 3 years. Before, in the college, I practiced athletics.
I’m a single woman now. I feel really good, actually = )
And that is all… kisses
jueves, 3 de julio de 2008
Ten great things to do in Chile


1.- In the North of Chile:
You can visit "The Valley of the Moon". It's an interesting area. It's a Natural Sanctuary in San Pedro de Atacama.
You can walk through "Géiseres del Tatio". It's the biggest in the world, 4.321 meters tall; it's in San Pedro de Aracama, too. Its name means: "The old men who cries".
And you can participate in "La Tirana". It's a town where is done the most important religious festival in Chile, feast in veneration of "La Virgen del Carmen".
2.- In the Center of Chile:
You can go to "Plaza de Armas". Here there are: the Cathedral, the ex Royal Palace of hearing, the Historic Museum and the Town hall.
You can take a tour to the vineyards, like "The Wine Route". This tour can be realized by train, so it's a very nice plan to do, too.
Or you can arrive at "La Chascona", Pablo Neruda's house. It's in the San Cristobal hill, next to a waterfall.
3.- In the South of Chile:
Maybe you can fish or raft in the "Baker River". Its water is turquoise and it's the most copious river in Chile.
Other thing that you can do in Chile is visit "North ice field". It's the biggest continental field with eternal ice.
Here you can take a tour to "Paso Las Llaves". It's a beautiful footpath where you have a great view of the lake Cochrane and the ice fields of Los Andes.
4. - And in the last place, if you have enough money you must travel to “Isla de Pascua”. Here you can visit the “archeological site of Tahai” and obviously you must take a photograph with the “Moais”.
domingo, 25 de mayo de 2008
Are you an ANIME ADDICT?
You can recognize them because they always put badges on their bags or their clothes. They wear different clothes and some of them wear clothes like anime’s characters. Most people think that they are strange.
Generally, their appointments are in “Euro Centro”, but they get together massively in anime conventions.
1. Do you spend lots of time with Anime?
2. Do you think or talk about Anime all the time?
3. Are all you friends “otakus”?
4. Is the Anime your only hobby?
5. Do you ever miss appointments because you are watch something related to Anime?
So, what can you do if you think you are an addict? Go for help. Where is it? With people that love the anime, of course.



